"Lithium battery" is a kind of battery with lithium metal or lithium alloy as anode material and non-aqueous electrolyte solution. In 1912, the lithium metal battery was first proposed and studied by Gilbert n. Lewis. In the 1970s, M. S. Whittingham proposed and began to study lithium-ion batteries. Because the chemical properties of lithium metal are very active, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal have very high environmental requirements. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have become the mainstream.
Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. Lithium metal battery, the fifth generation product of rechargeable battery, was born in 1996. Its safety, specific capacity, self discharge rate and performance price ratio are better than lithium ion battery. Due to its own high-tech requirements, only a few countries are producing this kind of lithium metal battery.